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Next: Variances of the Electron Up: Quasi-Thermal Noise Method and Previous: Basics of the Method

Overview of the Pole-to-Pole Results

Figure 2 represents the Ulysses trajectory during its pole-to-pole exploration as the absolute value of the spacecraft's heliographic latitude versus its heliocentric distance. One can see that the south path and the north path of the trajectory are different : Ulysses remains between 2.31 and 1.34 AU in the southern hemisphere, and between 1.34 and 2.02 AU in the northern one. It shows that the spacecraft did not sample a given latitude at the same radial distance in both hemispheres due to a tex2html_wrap_inline1110 difference in latitude between the heliographic equator and the major axis of Ulysses orbital ellipse.

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Figure 2: Ulysses trajectory from September 1994 to September 1995. The heliolatitude modulus is drawn versus the heliocentric distance, showing the slight trajectory asymmetry between the two hemispheres.

Figure 3 shows an overview of the QTN observations during the Ulysses pole-to-pole passage. The top panel shows the URAP radio spectrogram, displayed as frequency versus heliolatitude, with intensity indicated by the color bar chart. The intense band which varies from 10 kHz at high latitudes to 10-40 kHz near the solar equator corresponds to quasi-thermal Langmuir waves near the plasma frequency. The high intensity level below 10 kHz corresponds to the proton noise Doppler-shifted by the solar wind speed [Issautier et al., 1996] The bottom panel shows the corresponding electron density and core electron temperature. Figure 3 contains about 170,000 data points obtained with the 128-s time resolution of the URAP low-band radio receiver which is about twice the rate of the on board particle analyzers.

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Figure 3: Radio spectrogram from the URAP receiver during Ulysses pole-to-pole exploration, containing about 170,000 spectra. The data are plotted as frequency versus heliolatitude, with the relative intensity ( tex2html_wrap_inline1016 ) indicated by the color bar chart on the right. The lower panel shows the electron density and core temperature versus latitude.

Figure 3 shows two distinct regions. In a low latitude band spanning tex2html_wrap_inline1114 S to tex2html_wrap_inline1024 N both the electron density and core temperature have large fluctuations, as it is also the case for most plasma parameters obtained on Ulysses (see, e.g., [Phillips et al., 1995a]; [Goldstein et al., 1996]; [Forsyth et al., 1996]). In this region, Ulysses alternatively encountered slow and fast speed streams due to its periodic crossings of the warped and tilted heliospheric current sheet, which is the extension of the coronal equatorial streamer belt into interplanetary space [Smith et al., 1995] On the contrary, at high latitudes, poleward of tex2html_wrap_inline1114 S and tex2html_wrap_inline1024 N, Ulysses measured the continuous fast solar wind in a speed range of 700 to 800 km/s [Phillips et al., 1995a] which originates from polar coronal holes. In these regions, the nonscaled plasma parameters shown are very steady, spanning a density and temperature range of 0.8 to 2.5 tex2html_wrap_inline1122 and tex2html_wrap_inline1124 to tex2html_wrap_inline1126 K, respectively.


next up previous
Next: Variances of the Electron Up: Quasi-Thermal Noise Method and Previous: Basics of the Method

Karine Issautier
Fri Nov 27 18:47:01 MET 1998